PHP Calendar Functions

PHP Calendar Introduction

The calendar functions are useful when working with different calendar formats. The standard it is based on is the Julian day count (Julian day count is a count of days starting from January 1, 4713 B.C.). Note that the Julian day count is not the same as the Julian calendar!
Note: To convert between calendar formats, you must first convert to Julian day count, then to the calendar format.

---

Installation

The windows version of PHP has built-in support for the calendar extension. So, the calendar functions will work automatically.
However, if you are running the Linux version of PHP, you will have to compile PHP with --enable-calendar to get the calendar functions to work.

---

PHP Calendar Functions

PHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the function.

Function	Description	PHP
cal_days_in_month()	Returns the number of days in a month for a specified year and calendar	4
cal_from_jd()	Converts a Julian day count into a date of a specified calendar	4
cal_info()	Returns information about a given calendar	4
cal_to_jd()	Converts a date to Julian day count	4
easter_date()	Returns the Unix timestamp for midnight on Easter of a specified year	3
easter_days()	Returns the number of days after March 21, on which Easter falls for a specified year	3
FrenchToJD()	Converts a French Republican date to a Julian day count	3
GregorianToJD()	Converts a Gregorian date to a Julian day count	3
JDDayOfWeek()	Returns the day of a week	3
JDMonthName()	Returns a month name	3
JDToFrench()	Converts a Julian day count to a French Republican date	3
JDToGregorian()	Converts a Julian day count to a Gregorian date	3
jdtojewish()	Converts a Julian day count to a Jewish date	3
JDToJulian()	Converts a Julian day count to a Julian date	3
jdtounix()	Converts a Julian day count to a Unix timestamp	4
JewishToJD()	Converts a Jewish date to a Julian day count	3
JulianToJD()	Converts a Julian date to a Julian day count	3
unixtojd()	Converts a Unix timestamp to a Julian day count	4

---

PHP Calendar Constants

PHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the constant.

Constant	Description	PHP
CAL_GREGORIAN	Gregorian calendar	3
CAL_JULIAN	Julian calendar	3
CAL_JEWISH	Jewish calendar	3
CAL_FRENCH	French Republican calendar	3
CAL_NUM_CALS		3
CAL_DOW_DAYNO		3
CAL_DOW_SHORT		3
CAL_DOW_LONG		3
CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_SHORT		3
CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_LONG		3
CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_SHORT		3
CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_LONG		3
CAL_MONTH_JEWISH		3
CAL_MONTH_FRENCH		3
CAL_EASTER_DEFAULT		4
CAL_EASTER_ROMAN		4
CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_GREGORIAN		4
CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_JULIAN		4
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM_GERESH		5
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM		5
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_GERESHAYIM		5

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PHP Array Functions

PHP Array Introduction
The array functions allow you to manipulate arrays.
PHP supports both simple and multi-dimensional arrays. There are also specific functions for populating arrays from database queries.

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Installation

The array functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

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PHP Array Functions

PHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the function.

Function	Description	PHP
array()	Creates an array	3
array_change_key_case()	Returns an array with all keys in lowercase or uppercase	4
array_chunk()	Splits an array into chunks of arrays	4
array_combine()	Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values	5
array_count_values()	Returns an array with the number of occurrences for each value	4
array_diff()	Compares array values, and returns the differences	4
array_diff_assoc()	Compares array keys and values, and returns the differences	4
array_diff_key()	Compares array keys, and returns the differences	5
array_diff_uassoc()	Compares array keys and values, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the differences	5
array_diff_ukey()	Compares array keys, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the differences	5
array_fill()	Fills an array with values	4
array_filter()	Filters elements of an array using a user-made function	4
array_flip()	Exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array	4
array_intersect()	Compares array values, and returns the matches	4
array_intersect_assoc()	Compares array keys and values, and returns the matches	4
array_intersect_key()	Compares array keys, and returns the matches	5
array_intersect_uassoc()	Compares array keys and values, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the matches	5
array_intersect_ukey()	Compares array keys, with an additional user-made function check, and returns the matches	5
array_key_exists()	Checks if the specified key exists in the array	4
array_keys()	Returns all the keys of an array	4
array_map()	Sends each value of an array to a user-made function, which returns new values	4
array_merge()	Merges one or more arrays into one array	4
array_merge_recursive()	Merges one or more arrays into one array	4
array_multisort()	Sorts multiple or multi-dimensional arrays	4
array_pad()	Inserts a specified number of items, with a specified value, to an array	4
array_pop()	Deletes the last element of an array	4
array_product()	Calculates the product of the values in an array	5
array_push()	Inserts one or more elements to the end of an array	4
array_rand()	Returns one or more random keys from an array	4
array_reduce()	Returns an array as a string, using a user-defined function	4
array_reverse()	Returns an array in the reverse order	4
array_search()	Searches an array for a given value and returns the key	4
array_shift()	Removes the first element from an array, and returns the value of the removed element	4
array_slice()	Returns selected parts of an array	4
array_splice()	Removes and replaces specified elements of an array	4
array_sum()	Returns the sum of the values in an array	4
array_udiff()	Compares array values in a user-made function and returns an array	5
array_udiff_assoc()	Compares array keys, and compares array values in a user-made function, and returns an array	5
array_udiff_uassoc()	Compares array keys and array values in user-made functions, and returns an array	5
array_uintersect()	Compares array values in a user-made function and returns an array	5
array_uintersect_assoc()	Compares array keys, and compares array values in a user-made function, and returns an array	5
array_uintersect_uassoc()	Compares array keys and array values in user-made functions, and returns an array	5
array_unique()	Removes duplicate values from an array	4
array_unshift()	Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array	4
array_values()	Returns all the values of an array	4
array_walk()	Applies a user function to every member of an array	3
array_walk_recursive()	Applies a user function recursively to every member of an array	5
arsort()	Sorts an array in reverse order and maintain index association	3
asort()	Sorts an array and maintain index association	3
compact()	Create array containing variables and their values	4
count()	Counts elements in an array, or properties in an object	3
current()	Returns the current element in an array	3
each()	Returns the current key and value pair from an array	3
end()	Sets the internal pointer of an array to its last element	3
extract()	Imports variables into the current symbol table from an array	3
in_array()	Checks if a specified value exists in an array	4
key()	Fetches a key from an array	3
krsort()	Sorts an array by key in reverse order	3
ksort()	Sorts an array by key	3
list()	Assigns variables as if they were an array	3
natcasesort()	Sorts an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm	4
natsort()	Sorts an array using a "natural order" algorithm	4
next()	Advance the internal array pointer of an array	3
pos()	Alias of current()	3
prev()	Rewinds the internal array pointer	3
range()	Creates an array containing a range of elements	3
reset()	Sets the internal pointer of an array to its first element	3
rsort()	Sorts an array in reverse order	3
shuffle()	Shuffles an array	3
sizeof()	Alias of count()	3
sort()	Sorts an array	3
uasort()	Sorts an array with a user-defined function and maintain index association	3
uksort()	Sorts an array by keys using a user-defined function	3
usort()	Sorts an array by values using a user-defined function	3

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PHP Array Constants

PHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the constant.

Constant	Description	PHP
CASE_LOWER	Used with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to lower case
CASE_UPPER	Used with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to upper case
SORT_ASC	Used with array_multisort() to sort in ascending order
SORT_DESC	Used with array_multisort() to sort in descending order
SORT_REGULAR	Used to compare items normally
SORT_NUMERIC	Used to compare items numerically
SORT_STRING	Used to compare items as strings
SORT_LOCALE_STRING	Used to compare items as strings, based on the current locale	4
COUNT_NORMAL
COUNT_RECURSIVE
EXTR_OVERWRITE
EXTR_SKIP
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME
EXTR_PREFIX_ALL
EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID
EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS
EXTR_IF_EXISTS
EXTR_REFS

 http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ref_array.asp

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PHP Example - AJAX Poll

AJAX Poll

The following example will demonstrate a poll where the result is shown without reloading.

Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?

Yes:
No:

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Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user choose an option above, a function called "getVote()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onclick" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function getVote(int)
{
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("poll").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","poll_vote.php?vote="+int,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="poll">
<h3>Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?</h3>
<form>
Yes:
<input type="radio" name="vote" value="0" onclick="getVote(this.value)" />
<br />No:
<input type="radio" name="vote" value="1" onclick="getVote(this.value)" />
</form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

The getVote() function does the following:

• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (vote) is added to the URL (with the value of the yes or no option)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "poll_vote.php":

<?php
$vote = $_REQUEST['vote'];

//get content of textfile
$filename = "poll_result.txt";
$content = file($filename);

//put content in array
$array = explode("||", $content[0]);
$yes = $array[0];
$no = $array[1];

if ($vote == 0)
  {
  $yes = $yes + 1;
  }
if ($vote == 1)
  {
  $no = $no + 1;
  }

//insert votes to txt file
$insertvote = $yes."||".$no;
$fp = fopen($filename,"w");
fputs($fp,$insertvote);
fclose($fp);
?>

<h2>Result:</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Yes:</td>
<td>
<img src="poll.gif"
width='<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'
height='20'>
<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>No:</td>
<td>
<img src="poll.gif"
width='<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>'
height='20'>
<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
</td>
</tr>
</table>

The value is sent from the JavaScript, and the following happens:

1. Get the content of the "poll_result.txt" file
2. Put the content of the file in variables and add one to the selected variable
3. Write the result to the "poll_result.txt" file
4. Output a graphical representation of the poll result

---

The Text File

The text file (poll_result.txt) is where we store the data from the poll.
It is stored like this:

0||0

The first number represents the "Yes" votes, the second number represents the "No" votes.
Note: Remember to allow your web server to edit the text file. Do NOT give everyone access, just the web server (PHP).

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_poll.asp

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PHP Example - AJAX RSS Reader

An RSS Reader is used to read RSS Feeds.

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AJAX RSS Reader

The following example will demonstrate an RSS reader, where the RSS-feed is loaded into a webpage without reloading:

Select an RSS-feed: Google News MSNBC News

RSS-feed will be listed here...

---

Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user selects an RSS-feed in the dropdown list above, a function called "showResult()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onchange" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showRSS(str)
{
if (str.length==0)
  {
  document.getElementById("rssOutput").innerHTML="";
  return;
  }
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("rssOutput").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","getrss.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<form>
<select onchange="showRSS(this.value)">
<option value="">Select an RSS-feed:</option>
<option value="Google">Google News</option>
<option value="MSNBC">MSNBC News</option>
</select>
</form>
<br />
<div id="rssOutput">RSS-feed will be listed here...</div>
</body>
</html>

The showResult() function does the following:

• Check if an RSS-feed is selected
• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the dropdown list)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "getrss.php":

<?php
//get the q parameter from URL
$q=$_GET["q"];

//find out which feed was selected
if($q=="Google")
  {
  $xml=("http://news.google.com/news?ned=us&topic=h&output=rss");
  }
elseif($q=="MSNBC")
  {
  $xml=("http://rss.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032091/device/rss/rss.xml");
  }

$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load($xml);

//get elements from "<channel>"
$channel=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('channel')->item(0);
$channel_title = $channel->getElementsByTagName('title')
->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
$channel_link = $channel->getElementsByTagName('link')
->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
$channel_desc = $channel->getElementsByTagName('description')
->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;

//output elements from "<channel>"
echo("<p><a href='" . $channel_link
  . "'>" . $channel_title . "</a>");
echo("<br />");
echo($channel_desc . "</p>");

//get and output "<item>" elements
$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('item');
for ($i=0; $i<=2; $i++)
  {
  $item_title=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title')
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $item_link=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('link')
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $item_desc=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('description')
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;

  echo ("<p><a href='" . $item_link
  . "'>" . $item_title . "</a>");
  echo ("<br />");
  echo ($item_desc . "</p>");
  }
?>

When an RSS-feed is sent from the JavaScript, the following happens:

• Check which feed was selected
• Create a new XML DOM object
• Load the RSS document in the xml variable
• Extract and output elements from the channel element
• Extract and output elements from the item element

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_rss_reader.asp

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PHP Example - AJAX Live Search

AJAX can be used to create more user-friendly and interactive searches.

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AJAX Live Search

The following example will demonstrate a live search, where you get search results while you type.
Live search has many benefits compared to traditional searching:

• Results are shown as you type
• Results narrow as you continue typing
• If results become too narrow, remove characters to see a broader result

Search for a W3Schools page in the input field below:

The results in the example above are found in an XML file (links.xml). To make this example small and simple, only six results are available.

---

Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user types a character in the input field above, the function "showResult()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onkeyup" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showResult(str)
{
if (str.length==0)
  {
  document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML="";
  document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="0px";
  return;
  }
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="1px solid #A5ACB2";
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","livesearch.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<form>
<input type="text" size="30" onkeyup="showResult(this.value)" />
<div id="livesearch"></div>
</form>

</body>
</html>

Source code explanation:
If the input field is empty (str.length==0), the function clears the content of the livesearch placeholder and exits the function.
If the input field is not empty, the showResult() function executes the following:

• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the input field)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "livesearch.php".
The source code in "livesearch.php" searches an XML file for titles matching the search string and returns the result:

<?php
$xmlDoc=new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load("links.xml");

$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('link');

//get the q parameter from URL
$q=$_GET["q"];

//lookup all links from the xml file if length of q>0
if (strlen($q)>0)
{
$hint="";
for($i=0; $i<($x->length); $i++)
  {
  $y=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('title');
  $z=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName('url');
  if ($y->item(0)->nodeType==1)
    {
    //find a link matching the search text
    if (stristr($y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue,$q))
      {
      if ($hint=="")
        {
        $hint="<a href='" .
        $z->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue .
        "' target='_blank'>" .
        $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "</a>";
        }
      else
        {
        $hint=$hint . "<br /><a href='" .
        $z->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue .
        "' target='_blank'>" .
        $y->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue . "</a>";
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// Set output to "no suggestion" if no hint were found
// or to the correct values
if ($hint=="")
  {
  $response="no suggestion";
  }
else
  {
  $response=$hint;
  }

//output the response
echo $response;
?>

If there is any text sent from the JavaScript (strlen($q) > 0), the following happens:

• Load an XML file into a new XML DOM object
• Loop through all <title> elements to find matches from the text sent from the JavaScript
• Sets the correct url and title in the "$response" variable. If more than one match is found, all matches are added to the variable
• If no matches are found, the $response variable is set to "no suggestion"

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_livesearch.asp

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PHP Example - AJAX and XML

AJAX can be used for interactive communication with an XML file.

---

AJAX XML Example

The following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch information from an XML file with AJAX:

Example

Select a CD: Bob Dylan Bee Gees Cat Stevens

CD info will be listed here...

---

Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user selects a CD in the dropdown list above, a function called "showCD()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onchange" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showCD(str)
{
if (str=="")
  {
  document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";
  return;
  }
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","getcd.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<form>
Select a CD:
<select name="cds" onchange="showCD(this.value)">
<option value="">Select a CD:</option>
<option value="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</option>
<option value="Bonnie Tyler">Bonnie Tyler</option>
<option value="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</option>
</select>
</form>
<div id="txtHint"><b>CD info will be listed here...</b></div>

</body>
</html>

The showCD() function does the following:

• Check if a CD is selected
• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the dropdown list)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "getcd.php".
The PHP script loads an XML document, "cd_catalog.xml", runs a query against the XML file, and returns the result as HTML:

<?php
$q=$_GET["q"];

$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load("cd_catalog.xml");

$x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName('ARTIST');

for ($i=0; $i<=$x->length-1; $i++)
{
//Process only element nodes
if ($x->item($i)->nodeType==1)
  {
  if ($x->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue == $q)
    {
    $y=($x->item($i)->parentNode);
    }
  }
}

$cd=($y->childNodes);

for ($i=0;$i<$cd->length;$i++)
{
//Process only element nodes
if ($cd->item($i)->nodeType==1)
  {
  echo("<b>" . $cd->item($i)->nodeName . ":</b> ");
  echo($cd->item($i)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue);
  echo("<br />");
  }
}
?>

When the CD query is sent from the JavaScript to the PHP page, the following happens:

1. PHP creates an XML DOM object
2. Find all <artist> elements that matches the name sent from the JavaScript
3. Output the album information (send to the "txtHint" placeholder)

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_xml.asp

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PHP and AJAX

PHP - AJAX and MySQL

AJAX can be used for interactive communication with a database.

---

AJAX Database Example

The following example will demonstrate how a web page can fetch information from a database with AJAX:

Example

Select a person: Peter Griffin Lois Griffin Joseph Swanson Glenn Quagmire

Person info will be listed here...

---

Example Explained - The MySQL Database

The database table we use in the example above looks like this:

id	FirstName	LastName	Age	Hometown	Job
1	Peter	Griffin	41	Quahog	Brewery
2	Lois	Griffin	40	Newport	Piano Teacher
3	Joseph	Swanson	39	Quahog	Police Officer
4	Glenn	Quagmire	41	Quahog	Pilot

---

Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user selects a user in the dropdown list above, a function called "showUser()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onchange" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showUser(str)
{
if (str=="")
  {
  document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";
  return;
  }
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","getuser.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<form>
<select name="users" onchange="showUser(this.value)">
<option value="">Select a person:</option>
<option value="1">Peter Griffin</option>
<option value="2">Lois Griffin</option>
<option value="3">Glenn Quagmire</option>
<option value="4">Joseph Swanson</option>
</select>
</form>
<br />
<div id="txtHint"><b>Person info will be listed here.</b></div>

</body>
</html>

The showUser() function does the following:

• Check if a person is selected
• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the dropdown list)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "getuser.php".
The source code in "getuser.php" runs a query against a MySQL database, and returns the result in an HTML table:

<?php
$q=$_GET["q"];

$con = mysql_connect('localhost', 'peter', 'abc123');
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("ajax_demo", $con);

$sql="SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = '".$q."'";

$result = mysql_query($sql);

echo "<table border='1'>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>Hometown</th>
<th>Job</th>
</tr>";

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo "<tr>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['FirstName'] . "</td>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['LastName'] . "</td>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['Age'] . "</td>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['Hometown'] . "</td>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['Job'] . "</td>";
  echo "</tr>";
  }
echo "</table>";

mysql_close($con);
?>

Explanation: When the query is sent from the JavaScript to the PHP file, the following happens:

1. PHP opens a connection to a MySQL server
2. The correct person is found
3. An HTML table is created, filled with data, and sent back to the "txtHint" placeholder

 

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_database.asp

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PHP and AJAX

PHP - AJAX and PHP

AJAX is used to create more interactive applications.

---

AJAX PHP Example

The following example will demonstrate how a web page can communicate with a web server while a user type characters in an input field:

Example

Start typing a name in the input field below:

First name:

Suggestions:

---

Example Explained - The HTML Page

When a user types a character in the input field above, the function "showHint()" is executed. The function is triggered by the "onkeyup" event:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showHint(str)
{
if (str.length==0)
  {
  document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";
  return;
  }
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
    {
    document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
    }
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","gethint.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<p><b>Start typing a name in the input field below:</b></p>
<form>
First name: <input type="text" onkeyup="showHint(this.value)" size="20" />
</form>
<p>Suggestions: <span id="txtHint"></span></p>

</body>
</html>

Source code explanation:
If the input field is empty (str.length==0), the function clears the content of the txtHint placeholder and exits the function.
If the input field is not empty, the showHint() function executes the following:

• Create an XMLHttpRequest object
• Create the function to be executed when the server response is ready
• Send the request off to a file on the server
• Notice that a parameter (q) is added to the URL (with the content of the input field)

---

The PHP File

The page on the server called by the JavaScript above is a PHP file called "gethint.php".
The source code in "gethint.php" checks an array of names, and returns the corresponding name(s) to the browser:

<?php
// Fill up array with names
$a[]="Anna";
$a[]="Brittany";
$a[]="Cinderella";
$a[]="Diana";
$a[]="Eva";
$a[]="Fiona";
$a[]="Gunda";
$a[]="Hege";
$a[]="Inga";
$a[]="Johanna";
$a[]="Kitty";
$a[]="Linda";
$a[]="Nina";
$a[]="Ophelia";
$a[]="Petunia";
$a[]="Amanda";
$a[]="Raquel";
$a[]="Cindy";
$a[]="Doris";
$a[]="Eve";
$a[]="Evita";
$a[]="Sunniva";
$a[]="Tove";
$a[]="Unni";
$a[]="Violet";
$a[]="Liza";
$a[]="Elizabeth";
$a[]="Ellen";
$a[]="Wenche";
$a[]="Vicky";

//get the q parameter from URL
$q=$_GET["q"];

//lookup all hints from array if length of q>0
if (strlen($q) > 0)
  {
  $hint="";
  for($i=0; $i<count($a); $i++)
    {
    if (strtolower($q)==strtolower(substr($a[$i],0,strlen($q))))
      {
      if ($hint=="")
        {
        $hint=$a[$i];
        }
      else
        {
        $hint=$hint." , ".$a[$i];
        }
      }
    }
  }

// Set output to "no suggestion" if no hint were found
// or to the correct values
if ($hint == "")
  {
  $response="no suggestion";
  }
else
  {
  $response=$hint;
  }

//output the response
echo $response;
?>

Explanation: If there is any text sent from the JavaScript (strlen($q) > 0), the following happens:

1. Find a name matching the characters sent from the JavaScript
2. If no match were found, set the response string to "no suggestion"
3. If one or more matching names were found, set the response string to all these names
4. The response is sent to the "txtHint" placeholder

 http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_php.asp

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PHP and AJAX

AJAX Introduction

AJAX is about updating parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.

---

What is AJAX?

AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages.
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page.
Classic web pages, (which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire page if the content should change.
Examples of applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail, Youtube, and Facebook tabs.

---

How AJAX Works

---

AJAX is Based on Internet Standards

AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of:

• XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with a server)
• JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information)
• CSS (to style the data)
• XML (often used as the format for transferring data)

  AJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent!

---

Google Suggest

AJAX was made popular in 2005 by Google, with Google Suggest.
Google Suggest is using AJAX to create a very dynamic web interface: When you start typing in Google's search box, a JavaScript sends the letters off to a server and the server returns a list of suggestions.

---

Start Using AJAX Today

In our PHP tutorial, we will demonstrate how AJAX can update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page. The server script will be written in PHP.
If you want to learn more about AJAX, visit our AJAX tutorial.

 http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ajax_intro.asp

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PHP SimpleXML

SimpleXML handles the most common XML tasks and leaves the rest for other extensions.

---

What is SimpleXML?

SimpleXML is new in PHP 5. It is an easy way of getting an element's attributes and text, if you know the XML document's layout.
Compared to DOM or the Expat parser, SimpleXML just takes a few lines of code to read text data from an element.
SimpleXML converts the XML document into an object, like this:

• Elements - Are converted to single attributes of the SimpleXMLElement object. When there's more than one element on one level, they're placed inside an array
• Attributes - Are accessed using associative arrays, where an index corresponds to the attribute name
• Element Data - Text data from elements are converted to strings. If an element has more than one text node, they will be arranged in the order they are found

SimpleXML is fast and easy to use when performing basic tasks like:

• Reading XML files
• Extracting data from XML strings
• Editing text nodes or attributes

However, when dealing with advanced XML, like namespaces, you are better off using the Expat parser or the XML DOM.

---

Installation

As of PHP 5.0, the SimpleXML functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

---

Using SimpleXML

Below is an XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

We want to output the element names and data from the XML file above.
Here's what to do:

1. Load the XML file
2. Get the name of the first element
3. Create a loop that will trigger on each child node, using the children() function
4. Output the element name and data for each child node

Example

<?php
$xml = simplexml_load_file("test.xml");

echo $xml->getName() . "<br />";

foreach($xml->children() as $child)
  {
  echo $child->getName() . ": " . $child . "<br />";
  }
?>

The output of the code above will be:

note
to: Tove
from: Jani
heading: Reminder
body: Don't forget me this weekend!

---

More PHP SimpleXML

For more information about the PHP SimpleXML functions, visit our PHP SimpleXML Reference.

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_xml_simplexml.asp

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PHP XML DOM

The built-in DOM parser makes it possible to process XML documents in PHP.

---

What is DOM?

The W3C DOM provides a standard set of objects for HTML and XML documents, and a standard interface for accessing and manipulating them.

The W3C DOM is separated into different parts (Core, XML, and HTML) and different levels (DOM Level 1/2/3):

* Core DOM - defines a standard set of objects for any structured document
* XML DOM - defines a standard set of objects for XML documents
* HTML DOM - defines a standard set of objects for HTML documents

If you want to learn more about the XML DOM, please visit our XML DOM tutorial.

---

XML Parsing

To read and update - create and manipulate - an XML document, you will need an XML parser.
There are two basic types of XML parsers:

• Tree-based parser: This parser transforms an XML document into a tree structure. It analyzes the whole document, and provides access to the tree elements
• Event-based parser: Views an XML document as a series of events. When a specific event occurs, it calls a function to handle it

The DOM parser is an tree-based parser.
Look at the following XML document fraction:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<from>Jani</from>

The XML DOM sees the XML above as a tree structure:

• Level 1: XML Document
• Level 2: Root element: <from>
• Level 3: Text element: "Jani"

---

Installation

The DOM XML parser functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

---

An XML File

The XML file below will be used in our example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

---

Load and Output XML

We want to initialize the XML parser, load the xml, and output it:

Example

<?php
$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load("note.xml");

print $xmlDoc->saveXML();
?>

The output of the code above will be:

Tove Jani Reminder Don't forget me this weekend!

If you select "View source" in the browser window, you will see the following HTML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

The example above creates a DOMDocument-Object and loads the XML from "note.xml" into it.
Then the saveXML() function puts the internal XML document into a string, so we can output it.

---

Looping through XML

We want to initialize the XML parser, load the XML, and loop through all elements of the <note> element:

Example

<?php
$xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
$xmlDoc->load("note.xml");

$x = $xmlDoc->documentElement;
foreach ($x->childNodes AS $item)
  {
  print $item->nodeName . " = " . $item->nodeValue . "<br />";
  }
?>

The output of the code above will be:

#text =
to = Tove
#text =
from = Jani
#text =
heading = Reminder
#text =
body = Don't forget me this weekend!
#text =

In the example above you see that there are empty text nodes between each element.
When XML generates, it often contains white-spaces between the nodes. The XML DOM parser treats these as ordinary elements, and if you are not aware of them, they sometimes cause problems.

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_xml_dom.asp

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PHP XML Expat Parser

The built-in Expat parser makes it possible to process XML documents in PHP.

---

What is XML?

XML is used to describe data and to focus on what data is. An XML file describes the structure of the data.
In XML, no tags are predefined. You must define your own tags.
If you want to learn more about XML, please visit our XML tutorial.

---

What is Expat?

To read and update - create and manipulate - an XML document, you will need an XML parser.
There are two basic types of XML parsers:

• Tree-based parser: This parser transforms an XML document into a tree structure. It analyzes the whole document, and provides access to the tree elements. e.g. the Document Object Model (DOM)
• Event-based parser: Views an XML document as a series of events. When a specific event occurs, it calls a function to handle it

The Expat parser is an event-based parser.
Event-based parsers focus on the content of the XML documents, not their structure. Because of this, event-based parsers can access data faster than tree-based parsers.
Look at the following XML fraction:

<from>Jani</from>

An event-based parser reports the XML above as a series of three events:

• Start element: from
• Start CDATA section, value: Jani
• Close element: from

The XML example above contains well-formed XML. However, the example is not valid XML, because there is no Document Type Definition (DTD) associated with it.
However, this makes no difference when using the Expat parser. Expat is a non-validating parser, and ignores any DTDs.
As an event-based, non-validating XML parser, Expat is fast and small, and a perfect match for PHP web applications.
Note: XML documents must be well-formed or Expat will generate an error.

---

Installation

The XML Expat parser functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

---

An XML File

The XML file below will be used in our example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

---

Initializing the XML Parser

We want to initialize the XML parser in PHP, define some handlers for different XML events, and then parse the XML file.

Example

<?php
//Initialize the XML parser
$parser=xml_parser_create();

//Function to use at the start of an element
function start($parser,$element_name,$element_attrs)
  {
  switch($element_name)
    {
    case "NOTE":
    echo "-- Note --<br />";
    break;
    case "TO":
    echo "To: ";
    break;
    case "FROM":
    echo "From: ";
    break;
    case "HEADING":
    echo "Heading: ";
    break;
    case "BODY":
    echo "Message: ";
    }
  }

//Function to use at the end of an element
function stop($parser,$element_name)
  {
  echo "<br />";
  }

//Function to use when finding character data
function char($parser,$data)
  {
  echo $data;
  }

//Specify element handler
xml_set_element_handler($parser,"start","stop");

//Specify data handler
xml_set_character_data_handler($parser,"char");

//Open XML file
$fp=fopen("test.xml","r");

//Read data
while ($data=fread($fp,4096))
  {
  xml_parse($parser,$data,feof($fp)) or
  die (sprintf("XML Error: %s at line %d",
  xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
  xml_get_current_line_number($parser)));
  }

//Free the XML parser
xml_parser_free($parser);
?>

The output of the code above will be:

-- Note --
To: Tove
From: Jani
Heading: Reminder
Message: Don't forget me this weekend!

How it works:

1. Initialize the XML parser with the xml_parser_create() function
2. Create functions to use with the different event handlers
3. Add the xml_set_element_handler() function to specify which function will be executed when the parser encounters the opening and closing tags
4. Add the xml_set_character_data_handler() function to specify which function will execute when the parser encounters character data
5. Parse the file "test.xml" with the xml_parse() function
6. In case of an error, add  xml_error_string() function to convert an XML error to a textual description
7. Call the xml_parser_free() function to release the memory allocated with the xml_parser_create() function

---

More PHP Expat Parser

For more information about the PHP Expat functions, visit our PHP XML Parser Reference.

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_xml_parser_expat.asp

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PHP Database ODBC

ODBC is an Application Programming Interface (API) that allows you to connect to a data source (e.g. an MS Access database).

Create an ODBC Connection

With an ODBC connection, you can connect to any database, on any computer in your network, as long as an ODBC connection is available.
Here is how to create an ODBC connection to a MS Access Database:

1. Open the Administrative Tools icon in your Control Panel.
2. Double-click on the Data Sources (ODBC) icon inside.
3. Choose the System DSN tab.
4. Click on Add in the System DSN tab.
5. Select the Microsoft Access Driver. Click Finish.
6. In the next screen, click Select to locate the database.
7. Give the database a Data Source Name (DSN).
8. Click OK.

Note that this configuration has to be done on the computer where your web site is located. If you are running Internet Information Server (IIS) on your own computer, the instructions above will work, but if your web site is located on a remote server, you have to have physical access to that server, or ask your web host to to set up a DSN for you to use.

Connecting to an ODBC

The odbc_connect() function is used to connect to an ODBC data source. The function takes four parameters: the data source name, username, password, and an optional cursor type.
The odbc_exec() function is used to execute an SQL statement.

Example

The following example creates a connection to a DSN called northwind, with no username and no password. It then creates an SQL and executes it:

$conn=odbc_connect('northwind','','');
$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";
$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql);

---

Retrieving Records

The odbc_fetch_row() function is used to return records from the result-set. This function returns true if it is able to return rows, otherwise false.
The function takes two parameters: the ODBC result identifier and an optional row number:

odbc_fetch_row($rs)

---

Retrieving Fields from a Record

The odbc_result() function is used to read fields from a record. This function takes two parameters: the ODBC result identifier and a field number or name.
The code line below returns the value of the first field from the record:

$compname=odbc_result($rs,1);

The code line below returns the value of a field called "CompanyName":

$compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName");

Closing an ODBC Connection

The odbc_close() function is used to close an ODBC connection.

odbc_close($conn);

---

An ODBC Example

The following example shows how to first create a database connection, then a result-set, and then display the data in an HTML table.

<html>
<body>

<?php
$conn=odbc_connect('northwind','','');
if (!$conn)
  {exit("Connection Failed: " . $conn);}
$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";
$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql);
if (!$rs)
  {exit("Error in SQL");}
echo "<table><tr>";
echo "<th>Companyname</th>";
echo "<th>Contactname</th></tr>";
while (odbc_fetch_row($rs))
  {
  $compname=odbc_result($rs,"CompanyName");
  $conname=odbc_result($rs,"ContactName");
  echo "<tr><td>$compname</td>";
  echo "<td>$conname</td></tr>";
  }
odbc_close($conn);
echo "</table>";
?>

</body>
</html> 

 

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_db_odbc.asp

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PHP MySQL Delete

The DELETE statement is used to delete records in a table.

Delete Data In a Database

The DELETE FROM statement is used to delete records from a database table.

Syntax

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value

Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be deleted!To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.
To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Example

Look at the following "Persons" table:

FirstName	LastName	Age
Peter	Griffin	35
Glenn	Quagmire	33

The following example deletes all the records in the "Persons" table where LastName='Griffin':

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

mysql_query("DELETE FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Griffin'");

mysql_close($con);
?>

After the deletion, the table will look like this:

FirstName	LastName	Age
Glenn	Quagmire	33

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_delete.asp

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PHP MySQL Update

The UPDATE statement is used to modify data in a table.

Update Data In a Database

The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.

Syntax

UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value

Note: Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax. The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be updated!

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Example

Earlier in the tutorial we created a table named "Persons". Here is how it looks:

FirstName	LastName	Age
Peter	Griffin	35
Glenn	Quagmire	33

The following example updates some data in the "Persons" table:

 

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

mysql_query("UPDATE Persons SET Age = '36'
WHERE FirstName = 'Peter' AND LastName = 'Griffin'");

mysql_close($con);
?>

After the update, the "Persons" table will look like this:

FirstName	LastName	Age
Peter	Griffin	36
Glenn	Quagmire	33

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_update.asp

»»  READMORE...

PHP MySQL Order By Keyword

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the data in a recordset.

The ORDER BY Keyword

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the data in a recordset.
The ORDER BY keyword sort the records in ascending order by default.
If you want to sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

Example

The following example selects all the data stored in the "Persons" table, and sorts the result by the "Age" column:

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY age");

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo $row['FirstName'];
  echo " " . $row['LastName'];
  echo " " . $row['Age'];
  echo "<br />";
  }

mysql_close($con);
?>

The output of the code above will be:

Glenn Quagmire 33
Peter Griffin 35

---

Order by Two Columns

It is also possible to order by more than one column. When ordering by more than one column, the second column is only used if the values in the first column are equal:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_order_by.asp

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PHP MySQL The Where Clause

 The WHERE clause is used to filter records.

The WHERE clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.
To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Example

The following example selects all rows from the "Persons" table where "FirstName='Peter':

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName='Peter'");

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];
  echo "<br />";
  }
?>

The output of the code above will be:

Peter Griffin 

 

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_where.asp

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PHP MySQL Select

The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

Select Data From a Database Table

The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Example

The following example selects all the data stored in the "Persons" table (The * character selects all the data in the table):

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons");

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo $row['FirstName'] . " " . $row['LastName'];
  echo "<br />";
  }

mysql_close($con);
?>

The example above stores the data returned by the mysql_query() function in the $result variable.

Next, we use the mysql_fetch_array() function to return the first row from the recordset as an array. Each call to mysql_fetch_array() returns the next row in the recordset. The while loop loops through all the records in the recordset. To print the value of each row, we use the PHP $row variable ($row['FirstName'] and $row['LastName']).

The output of the code above will be:

Peter Griffin
Glenn Quagmire 

 

 

Display the Result in an HTML Table

The following example selects the same data as the example above, but will display the data in an HTML table:

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM Persons");

echo "<table border='1'>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
</tr>";

while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo "<tr>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['FirstName'] . "</td>";
  echo "<td>" . $row['LastName'] . "</td>";
  echo "</tr>";
  }
echo "</table>";

mysql_close($con);
?>

The output of the code above will be:

Firstname	Lastname
Glenn	Quagmire
Peter	Griffin

  

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_select.asp

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PHP MySQL Insert Into

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.

Insert Data Into a Database Table

The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a database table.

Syntax

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.

The first form doesn't specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their values:

INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

To get PHP to execute the statements above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Example

In the previous chapter we created a table named "Persons", with three columns; "Firstname", "Lastname" and "Age". We will use the same table in this example. The following example adds two new records to the "Persons" table:

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

mysql_query("INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Peter', 'Griffin', '35')");

mysql_query("INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES ('Glenn', 'Quagmire', '33')");

mysql_close($con);
?>

Insert Data From a Form Into a Database

Now we will create an HTML form that can be used to add new records to the "Persons" table.

Here is the HTML form:

<html>
<body>

<form action="insert.php" method="post">
Firstname: <input type="text" name="firstname" />
Lastname: <input type="text" name="lastname" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

</body>
</html>

When a user clicks the submit button in the HTML form in the example above, the form data is sent to "insert.php".

The "insert.php" file connects to a database, and retrieves the values from the form with the PHP $_POST variables.

Then, the mysql_query() function executes the INSERT INTO statement, and a new record will be added to the "Persons" table.

Here is the "insert.php" page:

<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","peter","abc123");
if (!$con)
  {
  die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
  }

mysql_select_db("my_db", $con);

$sql="INSERT INTO Persons (FirstName, LastName, Age)
VALUES
('$_POST[firstname]','$_POST[lastname]','$_POST[age]')";

if (!mysql_query($sql,$con))
  {
  die('Error: ' . mysql_error());
  }
echo "1 record added";

mysql_close($con)
?> 

 

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_insert.asp

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